Indicators for spatial planning and land development are key parameters that determine how and to what extent a particular land property or territory may be developed. They regulate the relationship between built-up areas, open spaces, and green areas, ensuring a functional, safe, and comfortable environment for living, working, and recreation. These indicators play an important role in the proper planning of cities and settlements. Compliance with the established values during design and construction ensures balanced territorial development, sufficient living space, access to light, air, and green areas, and more. The main technical-economic indicators are:
– Built-up Area (BUA). The area enclosed by the external outlines of the enclosing walls of the first above-ground floor or the semi-basement floor, including the area of ventilation shafts and passageways within these outlines. At ground level, terraces, external stairs and staircases, ramps, garages, and other elements with a height of up to 1.20 m above the average level of the adjacent terrain are not included in the built-up area.
– Gross Floor Area (GFA). The sum of the built-up areas of all floors of the main and supplementary buildings, both above and below ground level. The gross floor area also includes built-up areas within the attic space when intended for residential use, studios, or offices. The entire area of balconies, loggias, and terraces is included in the built-up area of above-ground floors.
– Building Density (%). The ratio between the total built-up area of the main and supplementary buildings and the area of the regulated land property, expressed as a percentage. Building density may also be determined for an entire квартал (block), planning territory, zone, or parts thereof.
– Underground Building Density (%). The ratio between the total built-up area of the first underground level and the area of the regulated land property.
– Building Intensity (Floor Area Ratio – FAR). The ratio between the gross floor area of the main and supplementary buildings within the regulated land property and the area of the land property, expressed as an absolute value. Building intensity may also be determined for an entire block, planning territory, zone, or parts thereof.
– Underground Building Intensity. The ratio between the gross floor area of underground levels and the area of the regulated land property.
– Volumetric Building Intensity. The ratio between the volume of the building (or buildings) of the main and supplementary development, expressed in cubic meters, and the area of the regulated land property.
– Free (Unbuilt) Yard Area. The difference between the area of the regulated land property and the built-up area. This also includes open usable terraces above underground levels and landscaped areas.
– Green Area Percentage. The ratio between the area covered by natural vegetation and the area of the regulated land property.
– Land Coverage Percentage. The ratio between the total built-up areas and all artificially covered surfaces (terraces, alleys, sidewalks, площадки, parking areas, external stairs, ramps, and other elements and facilities) and the area of the regulated land property.
– Residential Standard. The ratio between the gross floor area of the residential building (or buildings) and the number of residents within the residential territory.
– Population Density. The ratio between the number of residents and the GROSS or NET area of the structural unit (gross or net land area).